Other outputs of joint production include scrap, waste, spoilage and defective units. Scrap
is the residue from a production process that has little or no recovery value. Waste, such as
chemical waste, is a residual material that has no recovery value and must be disposed of by
the firm as required. In addition to waste and scrap, some products do not meet quality standards
and can be reworked for resale. Spoiled units are not reworked for economic reasons.
Defective units are reworked to become salable units.