Finally, our finding that participation in a CRP has a stronger impact on shorter-tenured customers' loyalty matches the notion that recent customers have limited information on which to base evaluations and therefore tend to behave in a consistent manner (Fazio 1987). We also might speculate that participation in a CRP reduces a shortertenured customer's uncertainty about his or her attitude toward the firm. That is, customers use both valence and certainty judgments to determine their attitudes, and both may affect behavior (Chandrashekaran et al. 2007; Park et al. 2010). This reasoning suggests that when shortertenured customers participate in a CRP, it reduces their uncertainty about the provider in the same sense that engaging in word of mouth can reduce cognitive dissonance (Tax and Chandrashekaran 1992; Wangenheim and Bayón 2007b). Longer-tenured customers, who have considerable direct experience from which to derive their judgments, have stronger attitudes and are less influenced by CRP participation. Our findings thus offer an additional reason to focus on uncertainty in judgments rather than only on their positivity or negativity.