Data analysisFor hearing screening, the presence or absence of moderate or worsehearing loss (PTA >40 dB) in each ear was determined by formalaudiometry, as 40 dB is considered the critical hearing threshold fordisabling hearing loss according to the World Health Organization,and warrants further investigation.The iPhone uHear PTAs in all three settings were compared withthe formal audiogram PTAs, where the PTA is calculated as a meanof thresholds (hearing in dB) at 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz. Thesedata were captured into 2 × 2 tables to calculate sensitivity, specificityand accuracy ratios.Additionally, in view of the possibility for agreement by ‘chance’,kappa analysis was performed on iPhone thresholds from all threesettings when compared with the formal audiogram to detectagreement at all six frequencies. Kappa values range from <0.2to 1.0 depending on how well two thresholds correlate with eachother at a particular frequency. The best correlation kappa value,i.e. ‘very good’, is one that is closest to 1. This describes howwell the thresholds at a particular frequency correlated with thethresholds at the same frequency of the gold standard, the formalaudiogram, and values this correlation according to the rangedescribed in Table 1.
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