Moillon came from a strict Calvinist family. Her father, brother Isaac, and stepfather were both paint dealers and artists themselves.[2] According to the RKD, Louise (also known as Louisa) learned to paint from her father Nicolas Moillon and Francois Garnier. She gained her particular style of still life painting from the Académie de Saint-Germain-des-Prés. She usually signed her paintings with Louyse Moillon.[3] Moillon lived and worked in France her whole life.