emphasize the contextual factors that influence behavior. In particular, the work of Mischel on situational strength and behavior encouraged a focus on the conditions under which traits are likely to manifest in behavior, leading to the development of trait activation theory (TAT; Tett & Burnett, 2003). In TAT, behavior results from an interaction between person and situation, with situations acting as cues to activate certain
traits. Specific traits are expressed in behavior when the situation or context allows freedom of trait expression (i.e., the situation is weak), and the features of the situation activate those specific the TAT framework enables theoretical modeling of the dynamic effectsof personality on work outcomes across time and in different vocational environments.