whereXbis the biomass concentration in the end of batch mode, Vbisthe working volume, Sfis the glucose concentration in feed, Yx/sisthe conversion yield of substrate into biomass, and t is the timeafter the start of the fed-batch phase (Carnes et al., 2006; Yee andBlanch, 1992, 1993). The temperature was shifted at 24 h from 30◦Cto 42◦C in all experiments, with a rate of increase of approximately0.5◦C/min (Williams et al., 2009). The pH was controlled at 7.10using 2 M NaOH and 2 M H2SO4. All other parameters remainedthe same as described for batch cultures.