In arid and semi-arid regions, scarcity of potable water is
recognized as a present and future threat for human endurance
[1–3]. Desalination of inland brackish water (brackish groundwater
and agricultural drainage water) by reverse osmosis (RO)
membrane technology (BWRO) has become a widely accepted
technology to alleviate water shortages and scarcity in these areas
[4–8]. Also other water resources, such as desalinated seawater
and wastewater effluents have emerged as a key to sustain fresh
water resources for future generations throughout the globe
[1,3,9]. The viability of RO membrane desalination of brackish
water depends on maximizing the water production and reducing
the cost of brine management, which can be achieved by increasing
recovery