As a point of view, New Public Management was described neither as a theory of administration nor as an ad hoc collection of thoughts about public management. Second, and relatedly, H&J (and especially Hood 1991) argued that New Public Management was not utterly lacking in substance, since sigma-type values are plausible warrants for administrative doctrines. Third, H&J pointed out that a reasonable person might reject New Public Management on the grounds that theta-type values of honesty and fairness, for instance, should be given priority over the sigma-type values of efficient task performance. In this way, the authors sought to enlarge the space for critical discussion (Walton 1992) of the New Public Management