feasible alternative. When the appropriate conditions are
used, methanol synthesis by hydrogenation of atmospheric
CO2 is regarded as the most economic way after oil and gas
(Olah, 2005).
Even so, the sustainable and cost-effective production and
utilization of H2 is a major challenge (Raudaskoski et al.,
2009). Today, H2 is commercially produced by steam methane
reforming, coal gasification and partial oxidation of light oil
residues. As a result, fossil fuels are depleted and net atmospheric CO2 emissions are increased. Methanol production
from H2and CO2will be deemed as environmentally benign
only if this process utilizes CO2more than that produced in H2
manufacturing.Raudaskoski et al. (2009)discussed other candidate methods for H2production such as dry reforming and
electrolysis of water using renewable electrical energy. Clearly,
they have their limitations, e.g., high CO content of the syngas in dry reforming process and high electricity cost. Biomass
gasification together with WGS and biomass fast pyrolysis
coupled with steam reforming of the resulting bio-oil represent further renewable routes for producing H2. Yet another
potential route for H2 production is a thermo-chemical route
where the energy required for the splitting of water is supplied
by atomic energy or solar energy. Some representative reaction
schemes, namely, sulfur–iodine process and copper–chlorine
process are shown in Table 1. It is worthy of note that no carbon source, either from fossil- or biomass-origin, is used in the
thermo-chemical route. Even so, more work is essential before
one can deduce the best possible route for H2 production.
feasible alternative. When the appropriate conditions areused, methanol synthesis by hydrogenation of atmosphericCO2 is regarded as the most economic way after oil and gas(Olah, 2005).Even so, the sustainable and cost-effective production andutilization of H2 is a major challenge (Raudaskoski et al.,2009). Today, H2 is commercially produced by steam methanereforming, coal gasification and partial oxidation of light oilresidues. As a result, fossil fuels are depleted and net atmospheric CO2 emissions are increased. Methanol productionfrom H2and CO2will be deemed as environmentally benignonly if this process utilizes CO2more than that produced in H2manufacturing.Raudaskoski et al. (2009)discussed other candidate methods for H2production such as dry reforming andelectrolysis of water using renewable electrical energy. Clearly,they have their limitations, e.g., high CO content of the syngas in dry reforming process and high electricity cost. Biomassgasification together with WGS and biomass fast pyrolysiscoupled with steam reforming of the resulting bio-oil represent further renewable routes for producing H2. Yet anotherpotential route for H2 production is a thermo-chemical routewhere the energy required for the splitting of water is suppliedby atomic energy or solar energy. Some representative reactionschemes, namely, sulfur–iodine process and copper–chlorineprocess are shown in Table 1. It is worthy of note that no carbon source, either from fossil- or biomass-origin, is used in theกระบวนการผลิตเทอร์โมเคมี ดังนั้นแม้ งานเพิ่มเติมเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นก่อนหนึ่งสามารถเดาเส้นทางได้ดีที่สุดสำหรับผลิต H2
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