Table 6.13 presents one of the few systematic attempts to compare nominal tariff rates for a broad range of developing economies (Erzan and others 1989). The authors have also attempted to adjust for the effect of quantitative restrictions on levels of protection. (We have added comparable data for Taiwan, China, and have computed the average nominal tariffs for Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, and Taiwan, China) Nominal tariffs in the HPAEs are lower than for any other grouping of developing economies except the island economies of the Caribbean and the oil states of West Asia. The difference between Latin America (albeit before its recent trade liberalization) and the HPAEs is striking. Thus while these economies favoured production of import substitutes, they did so less than most other developing economies.