Measurement of the depth of the ground water level was done by using pipe with 4 inches diameter and length
35 cm and ½ perforated with holes with a distance of 1 cm x 2 cm (Figure 1) which were placed in the fields (Figure 2).
Installation of the pipe was done by immersing 20 cm of length of PVC into the ground, and let rest 15 cm above the
soil surface. Water level management was done since 7-10 day-old plants until the plant reaches maximum vegetative
phase (half way to generative phase), until the presence of the panicle phase (7 days before the 100% flowering period
up to 7 days after flowering) all treatment were continuously flooded to prevent water deficiency in plants. At the ripe
stage until harvest time, the whole plant was not watered. Pest and disease control was done mechanically, physically or
using pesticides according to the target.