through the Internet in order to h fences emails from commit fraud. phony enclosed island' of security surrounded by example. banks secking personal passwords are one and electronically controlled to an increase in social involved The Nigerian bank scam is another. contribute (99) bank unsolicited emails This Such trends may Society Jock Young seeking an overseas purporting to be from on. In The Exclusive late modernity are leading ceeds of a large bank partner to in the pro argues that the conditions of with the fault had account owned by someone who away from inclusiveness to of race and While died leaving no h Emma recipients were lines occurring along the lines increasingly , offered the opportunity to participate in the proceeds white middle class are becoming hierarchy a n return for an initial the of the social Pctrators are based payment. In many cases the wealthy, those at the bottom single overseas and so any attempt to increasingly marginalised. People of colour, prehend them involves negotiating complex i mothers and feckless fathers' (p. 20) and other ional treaties and multiple agencies. members. of the underclass are subject to economic Just as the face of the crimina s likely to change exclusion from the labour market, social exclusion so is the face of the victim. Older people will be espe- within civil society and excessive social control through an expanding criminal justice and welfare system. I cially vulnerable. A significant proportion will not have children, and this, combined with high divorce Young's view we are in the process of creating an wins. He asks rates, means that many will lack the security pro exclusive dystopia in which no-one vided by close family support. While older people Can one part of a room remain forever warm whilst have an unfounded fear of becoming the victim of the other half is perpetually closed off and cold? (p. 19). His answer is a cautious no. Young argues that violent youth crime, in the future it is probable that the real threat will come from men in suits, there is nothing inevitable about the process, as the Unscrupulous lawyers, insurance brokers and are forces which undermine the creation of such a divided world. Greater exposure to, and understand advisers will have considerable opportunity to arrange both legal and illegal ways of defrauding of, the social conditions which create such social divisions are likely to lead to attempts to discover a pol- them of their wealth. i which reincorporates those who are excluded. For The vulnerability of the aged is likely t growth in the gated communities that have emerged him the creation of such a politics and new forms o in the United States. As the baby boomers enter old community are imperative if we are to avoid the some will have sufficient wealth to retreat to an ation of a socially divided world.