schultheisz and karpati (1984) summarise technology improvemets relatimg to water use and waste minimisation in the US up to 1977. the trend is clearly towards the choice of processes whichreduce waste quantity and strength, particularly improved blood recovery, dry paunch dumping and regulated water use. Unfortunately, more recent surveys are not available. the emergence of lowtemperature edibierendering systems has beenespecially constrained by the very strong wastewater generated (cooper & Russell,1988).