nasal cannula (0.51 ± 0.06 for a low tidal setting, 0.54 ±
0.05 for a high tidal setting) was significantly higher
than that at a flow of 2 L/min via a pharyngeal cannula
(0.39 ± 0.05 for a high tidal setting, 0.38 ± 0.04 for a
low tidal setting, P < .01). This was also true with
closed-mouth settings.