CyanophosiscommonlyusedinEgypttocontrolvariousagriculturalandhorticulturalpests.Itisastrong
contaminant inthecropculturingenvironmentsbecauseitishighlypersistentandaccumulatesinthe
soil. Thiscontaminantcanberemovedbyphytoremediation,whichistheuseofplantstoclean-up
pollutants. Herewetestedseveralseveralstrategiestoimprovetheeffectivenessofthistechnology,
which involvedvarioustechniquestosolubilizecontaminants.Thephytoremediationefficiency of
Plantago major L. wasimprovedmorebyliquidsilicondioxide(SiO2) thanbyothersolubility-enhancing
agents, resultingintheremovalofsignificant amountsofcyanophosfromcontaminatedsoil.LiquidSiO2
increased thecapacityof P.major L. toremovecyanophosfromsoilby45.9%to74.05%.In P.major L. with
liquidSiO2, leavesextractedmorecyanophos(32.99 mg/g) thanroots(13.33 mg/g) over3days.Theuseof
solubilization agentssuchassurfactants,hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin(HPßCD),naturalhumicacidacid
(HA), andTween80resultedintheremovalof60convergentsofcyanophosfrompollutedsoil.Although
a batchequilibriumtechniqueshowedthatuseofHPßCDresultedintheefficient removalofcyanophos
from soil,agreateramountofcyanophoswasremovedby P.major L. withSiO2. Moreover,alargeamount
of cyanophoswasremovedfromsoilbyricebran.ThisstudyindicatesthatSiO2 can improvetheefficiency
ofphytoremediationofcyanophos.