Sustainable Agricultural Practices in Disease
Defence of Traditional Crops in Southern
Italy: The Case Study of Tomato Cherry
Protected by Trichoderma harzianum T-22
Against Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
Antonella Vitti, Adriano Sofo, Antonio Scopa, and Maria Nuzzaci
Abstract Nowadays, crop production is at risk due to global warming, especially
in Mediterranean areas where the increase of air temperature and/or reduction of
precipitation is relevant. Climate changes that are occurring can severely prejudice
plant defensive mechanisms during host-pathogen interactions by modifying
growth and physiology of the host plant. In particular, viral diseases cause serious
economic losses destroying crops and reducing agronomic productivity, and, in
some cases such as tomato crops, they become the limiting factor production of
both open field and under greenhouse cultivation systems. This is because plant
viruses are obligate parasites and require living tissue for their multiplication and
spread. Therefore, they are able to interfere with plant metabolism and compete for
host plant resources, so determining a decrease of plant growth and productivity.
Severe outbreaks of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and other viruses caused
disruption of tomato plants in the Mediterranean region and in Southern Italy
since the 1970s. In such a scenario, it is necessary to introduce new strategies for
controlling plant pathogens and parasites in order to help maintain ecosystems and
to boost sustainable agriculture. The aim of this work is to give an up-to-date
overview on the recent breakthroughs in the use of microorganisms on plants for
improving crop yields, quality and plant tolerance against pathogens. In particular,
here we report a case study regarding an innovative strategy to control a viral
disease (CMV) in tomato, based on the use of rhizosphere microorganism
(Trichoderma harzianum, strain T-22) as an antagonist biocontrol agent (BCA
Sustainable Agricultural Practices in DiseaseDefence of Traditional Crops in SouthernItaly: The Case Study of Tomato CherryProtected by Trichoderma harzianum T-22Against Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)Antonella Vitti, Adriano Sofo, Antonio Scopa, and Maria NuzzaciAbstract Nowadays, crop production is at risk due to global warming, especiallyin Mediterranean areas where the increase of air temperature and/or reduction ofprecipitation is relevant. Climate changes that are occurring can severely prejudiceplant defensive mechanisms during host-pathogen interactions by modifyinggrowth and physiology of the host plant. In particular, viral diseases cause seriouseconomic losses destroying crops and reducing agronomic productivity, and, insome cases such as tomato crops, they become the limiting factor production ofboth open field and under greenhouse cultivation systems. This is because plantviruses are obligate parasites and require living tissue for their multiplication andspread. Therefore, they are able to interfere with plant metabolism and compete forhost plant resources, so determining a decrease of plant growth and productivity.Severe outbreaks of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and other viruses causeddisruption of tomato plants in the Mediterranean region and in Southern Italysince the 1970s. In such a scenario, it is necessary to introduce new strategies forcontrolling plant pathogens and parasites in order to help maintain ecosystems andto boost sustainable agriculture. The aim of this work is to give an up-to-dateoverview on the recent breakthroughs in the use of microorganisms on plants forimproving crop yields, quality and plant tolerance against pathogens. In particular,here we report a case study regarding an innovative strategy to control a viraldisease (CMV) in tomato, based on the use of rhizosphere microorganism(Trichoderma harzianum, strain T-22) as an antagonist biocontrol agent (BCA
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