the breast should be assessed for color, warmth, and erythema, and the incision should be assessed for drainage and wound-edge approximation. Darkened discoloration may indicate venous outflow obstruction. Pallor or mottling may indicate decreased arterial blood flow. Petechiae may reflect poor venous return, but bruising is probably normal (Dell, 2011). Supplemental oxygen at levels of 2–6 liters via nasal cannula usually is recommended with frequent monitoring of oxygen saturation levels.