1.3. Instrument
The instrument used for the research involved closed questions, in some cases with the Likert evaluation scale of
five alternatives (1 = very low; 5 = very high). This instrument measured: 1) expectations regarding academic
achievement; 2) expectations regarding achievement in Basque, Spanish, English and the mother language; 3)
expectations regarding the social relations with those of the country of origin, with those of other countries, and with
those born in the CAPV-EAE. Two dependent variables were considered in the research: general academic
expectations and expectations regarding achievements in Basque.