For scientific management theory. the plant was the operations unit of the larger entity , the firm .The technology , contained in the laws of ideal plant practice, advance a solution for industrial waste and labour unrest. Derived from the observation of the plant were the generalised laws for industrial management .In the micro-unit of the plant was a human and industrial technology , the prescriptions for social harmony. Waste in industry , according to Taylor , arose from lack of expert engineering knowledge, failure of management to erect suitable standards and the withholding of effort by the worker . These joint aspects depended upon measuring each worker's output but traditional organisation of the plant blocked the establishment of these stands