In summary, our study first showed that the EEE, EAE, AE, EE and
AQE of Gb leaves inhibit both lipid oxidation in food and feed
materials and $OH-induced apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. Of all the
examined EGbs, the EAE showed the strongest effects. The effects of
EAE on the oxidation of linoleic acid were equivalent to those of
BHT and EQ, and the effects on O2
, MDA and CAT were equivalent
to those of BHT, and the effects on apoptosis were stronger than
those of BHT and EQ. Therefore, the EAE could be used as a potential
natural antioxidant and apoptosis inhibitor. Furthermore, we found
that the inhibition order of EGbs on the generation of ROS and
oxidation of cellular components in fish erythrocytes agreed
approximately with that for the lipid oxidation in food and feed
materials. Thus, the fish erythrocyte system can be used as an
experimental model of lipid oxidation in food and feed ingredients.
This study is the first to reveal that the anti-oxidative activities and
anti-apoptotic effects of EGbs may be due to the presence of
flavonoids.