The significant interaction of the groups by time (Fig. 4) showed that the intervention group had significantly better self-care activities than the control group at Time 2 (t = 2.59, P < 0.01) and Time 3 (t = 3.30, P < 0.01), but not at Time 1 (t = 0.34, P = 0.74) (Table 2). These results also supported the hypothesis that the participants who received the intervention would undertake diabetes self-care activities more frequently than those who did not receive the intervention.