Brainstorming
This technique is widely used to generate ideas and goals that help identify and conceptualize problems (Dunn 2008, 107). It is one of many types of techniques that attempt to use conflict creatively in structuring policy problems. It is used as much in analysis of film scripts and other artistic endeavors as in the formulation of technical policy solutions. Note that previously discussed tech niques rely more on more rational, empirical-technical foundations. This technique focuses on group dynamics and seeks the creative dimensions of problem definition to forge more innovative and effective policies. A similar group approach, such as the Delphi technique, can be used to critique policy solutions, such as alternate revenue forecasts and scenarios, as well as for initial problem definitions. This will be discussed briefly in chapter 4. There are several major guidelines in conducting successful brainstorming. First, groups should be composed of experts from various professions who are knowledgeable about the sources of public dissatisfaction on an issue. Second, it is very important that idea generation, or the free-form phase, and idea evaluation, or the critical phase, should be kept separate (Dunn 2008,107). This is a common guideline in scriptwriting that is used to avoid eliminating potentially useful insights and sound ideas that more timid analysis might be afraid to express for fear of criticism. It should be used in technical policy analysis to define problems as well. The generation-versus-evaluation structure is designed to avoid premature criticism and debate that can exclude dimensions of policy problems, such as the potential effects of plea bargaining on jail overcrowding.