Adsorption experiments by batch method
Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data were obtained by
batch technique individually for each dye-PC system using the
concentration variation method at three different temperatures
(303 K, 313 K and 323 K). Various operating parameters such as pH
of the solution, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and
contact time and adsorption temperature on dye removal were
studied. The effect of pH on adsorption of MB and EY was
investigated by varying the initial pH from 3 to 11. Different
adsorbent amount (1 g L1
, 2 g L1 and 3 g L1
) were mixed in a
250 mL conical flask of dye solution over the concentration range of
100–400 mg L1 and were stirred at 100 rpm in an orbital incubator
shaker (laboratory Tech, LSI-1005R). At the end of predetermined
time intervals, the residual dye concentration in the supernatant
liquid was determined using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer,
Lambda 35) at its maximum wavelength (lmax) of 664 nm
and 517 nm for MB and EY dye, respectively. All of the experiments
were performed in triplicate to check the reproducibility of data
and the average of the results were used for data analysis.
The percentage removal of dyes was calculated using Eq. (1) and
the concentration retained in the adsorbent phase (qe, mg g1
) at
equilibrium and at time ‘t’ were calculated using Eqs. (2) and (3),
respectively.