Identify the cause of CKD, if possible; address
potentially reversible causes such as
obstruction or medication-related causes.
If a primarily glomerular process (marked
by heavy proteinuria and dysmorphic red
blood cells and red blood cell casts in the
urine sediment) or interstitial nephritis
(manifested by white blood cells in the
urine) is suspected, refer to a nephrologist
early.
• Provide treatment to correct the specific
cause (if one is present) or slow the deterioration
of renal function.
• Address cardiovascular risk factors.
• Address metabolic abnormalities related
to CKD.
• If the CKD is advanced, educate the patient
about end-stage renal disease and its
treatment options, and guide the patient
through the transition to end-stage renal
disease.