country. We also find that the estimated series of the potential GDP growth rate suggests
that the country's growth potential has changed significantly over time, to a significant
extent in association with the underlying rate of growth of real oil prices.4
Finally, we try to establish how important are key economic and policy variables,
other than the real price oil, in the determination of potential GDP growth. We carry out
significance tests for key domestic and foreign variables, such as the public sector deficit
as a proportion of GDP in Venezuela, the real exchange rate, interest rate differentials
vis-a-vis U.S. Treasury bond yields, and real GDP growth in the U.S. From the sample
of economic variables that we have tested, only the interest rate differential was
statistically significant. We find that inclusion of interest rate differentials as an
exogenous variable in the GDP model leads to a moderate improvement in goodness of
fit measures. However, the salient features of the estimated trend and cycle components
remain essentially unchanged, regardless of whether or not interest rate differentials are
included in the GDP model. This leads us to reassert the primacy of real oil prices as the
single most important determinant of potential real GDP in Venezuela.
country. We also find that the estimated series of the potential GDP growth rate suggeststhat the country's growth potential has changed significantly over time, to a significantextent in association with the underlying rate of growth of real oil prices.4Finally, we try to establish how important are key economic and policy variables,other than the real price oil, in the determination of potential GDP growth. We carry outsignificance tests for key domestic and foreign variables, such as the public sector deficitas a proportion of GDP in Venezuela, the real exchange rate, interest rate differentialsvis-a-vis U.S. Treasury bond yields, and real GDP growth in the U.S. From the sampleof economic variables that we have tested, only the interest rate differential wasstatistically significant. We find that inclusion of interest rate differentials as anexogenous variable in the GDP model leads to a moderate improvement in goodness offit measures. However, the salient features of the estimated trend and cycle componentsremain essentially unchanged, regardless of whether or not interest rate differentials areincluded in the GDP model. This leads us to reassert the primacy of real oil prices as thesingle most important determinant of potential real GDP in Venezuela.
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