2. XRD FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE
In XRD, a monochromatic X-ray beam is focused on
sample material to resolve structural information in
the crystal lattice (Fig. 1). Usually, the materials
are composed of repeating uniform atomic planes
which make up their crystal. Typically, polychromatic
X-rays are produced in a special tube called cathode-ray tube. Filtering poly chromatic X-rays through
a monochromator producess monochromatic radiation
which hits onto the material atomic planes,
separating the diffracted, transmitted and absorbed
rays. X-rays are produced within a closed tube under
vacuum atmosphere.Application of 15-60 kilovolts
current within the tube gives electrons which
hit a Cr, Fe, Co, Cu,Mo or Ag anode from which X-ray
beams are generated. Thus, produced X-rays
are then collimated and directed onto the powder
sample having diameter