3.4. Reproducibility of PAD fabrication
Reproducibility is the variation arising when an experiment is
repeated under the same conditions. To evaluate the reproducibility
of the fabrication of the hydrophilic channels, 20 pieces of paper
(n = 20) and a Y-shape mould composed of a 4 mm test zone and a
1 mm sample zone, were dipped in melted wax under the optimal
conditions. Pictures of the paper devices were captured and
used to measure the widths of the hydrophilic channel by using
ImageJ. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the widths of
the obtained hydrophilic channels was calculated from the width
measurements. Fig. 4 displays the reproducibility of the wax dipping
fabrication for each piece of paper. The average width of