Univariate and bivariate statistics for all variables included in all models are provided in tables C1-C3. As can be seen when examining the bivariate correlations, all control variables, developmental underpinnings, and individual differences predictors are significantly correlated with at least some of the items used to assess future orientation.
Further, future orientation items are significantly and positively correlated with one another, with the exception of six pairs of items: “I’d rather save money for a rainy day than spend it now” was not significantly correlated with “I can see myself finishing high school,” “I can see myself starting college,” or “I can see myself finishing college.” Similarly, the item “I can imagine myself 10 years from now” was not significantly correlated with any of the high school or college items. Significant correlations among
the future orientation items ranged from r = .07 (p < .05) to r = .89 (p < .01) representing
effect sizes that range from trivial (below .1) to large (above .5; Cohen, 1992) and
suggest that these items are statistically significantly related, allowing for further tests of
loading onto latent future orientation constructs.