Therefore, nurses should have current and accurate knowledge about HPV to promote informed decisions about cervical cancer screening. However, there are few studies on actual cervical cancer screening adherence of nurses. The cervical cancer screening frequency had changed from every year to every 2 years, and also the target age to begin screening was lowered from 30 to 20 years old in 2004; however, 67.7% of the nurses were not aware of that fact. In addition to the lowered target age was the fact that the incidence of cervical cancer has been steadily increasing in women in their 20s and 30s since 1990 due to earlier sexual debut and changing sexual behaviors[30,31]. If young women develop cervical cancer, it progresses rapidly and greatly affects their future fertility and quality of life. The knowledge deficit on the incidence of cervical cancer was observed as markedly increasing in women in their 20s and 30s and associated with nonadherence to screening. While the median age of this sample population was 28.5 years old, most of the nurses were not well aware of their own risk of getting the disease. While the rates of cervical cancer have increased among women in this age group in recent years, data from previous studies performed in the general population of women in Japan indicated that cervical screening coverage was also only 15% during the reproductive ages.