During Bill Clinton's 1991 campaign for the presidency, a plan called "managed competition" was advocated by health economist Alan Enthoven, physician Paul EUwood, and others.The idea was to encourage stiff competition for subscribers among managed care organizations on the basis of cost and quality statistics that would be publicized. The vision
advanced by proponents of managed competition was of an entire nation of subscribers enrolled in managed care plans. When Chnton won the presidency,he promised health care reform that sounded like it would offer universal coverage through an employer mandate.