The Protocol also establishes a variety
of ways in which these commitments can be met.
These include undertaking mitigation projects in
non-Annex B countries under the Clean Develop-
ment Mechanism (CDM) de®ned in Article 12 of
the Protocol [2], and emissions trading de®ned in
Article 17. The uncertainty of estimates of emis-
sions and uptakes is likely to aect the amount
of credit or debit that would be assigned to a
global warming mitigation project or to a
country under the Kyoto Protocol. Decisions
have not yet been made on how these issues will
be handled. It is hoped that the conceptual dis-
cussion that follows will contribute to under-
standing the consequences of dierent possible
decisions in this area.