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subjectively interpreting a societies, this is confirmed and explained by the idea by society Religion also legitimates social institutions by locating thin a and cosmic of when a (p. 33) In this sense law is ted in religion locat nst God, thority world around them. Phenom theories view religion as one tant devices used by humans to categorise and meaning to the physical and social world offence becomes a sin ag religion when kings speak for ge BERGER AND THOMAS LUCK MANN PETER of ancient become gods, as in the case of the pharaohs on legr mates, and Berger and Thomas Luckmann work of Peter an important development in the sociology of Egypt. in a social supports social is grounded Each universe of meaning gion They see the sociology of religion as partofa field-the sociology of knowledge--whic base. This social base--the social structure plausibility lled its plausibility structure. If this meaning structure is destroyed, so is the universe of the Neither can hout the other when of reality be meanings and definitions bad by members of a sociery. Evory society its own body of knowledge, for raditional society has shared Empire destroyed by the Spaniards, the social base of religion was shattered. Without its plausibility Berger structure, Inca eligion died (pp. 45-7) i Berger and Luckmann argue that all certainty mod Luckmann term it, is socially derived-i socicty and in turn feeds back and h it has a very precarious founda uce society. A universe of meaning includes not cally mncc believe they are oaly high-level philosophical ideas about the meaning tion. Things a real because people meaning people but also everyday knowledge which is taken for real. Life is meaningful because of the are defined granted. A universe of ncaning requires constant give to it. Things make sense because they t needs repeated reinforcemen of commonsense. However, this reality, ration. Members of society must be told and meanings and this sense are arbitrary. There no rue versal standard or yardstick against which they can be egitimate Without this support, a universe measured and shown be true. The universe social construction of reality. Onc meaning would tend to crumble, life would become meaning is meaningless, and the stability of society would be society's reality is another's pretence; things defined as meaningful in one society are meaningless in another Religion helps build mai n and legitima and commonsense in one society is nonsense meaning. Berger and Luckmann state another. Because of the arbitrary nature of the uni oughout hi uman history religion as played verse of meaning is precarious, insecure and easily decisive part in the construction and maintenance of shattered, it therefore requires constant legitimarion (969, p. 67) Religio s func. Berger and Luckmann argue that religion is probably n the following way. Berger and Luckman he most effective mechanism for the timation of state that "Religion the cious attempt universes of meaning Unlike other sources of legiti ceive the entire universe as being humanly signifi mation, only religion links meaning with ultimate p 28). In this way humanity k and meaning about the whole universe and pace within it. An exam Christian view of criticisms of Berger and Luckmann e creation of the world and humanity given in the and mann's views on religion are open to number of criticisms. Rather like functionalists, they ook of Genesis ger and Luckmann continue Religion legitimates so effectively because it relates assume that religion unites society and they neglect precarious reality of empirical societies ate reality" that is, knowledge learned from ob examples of societies in which religion is divisive or nation and experience is supported and made rea causes conflict. Furthermore, the imply that religiou up 32) efs are widely held, and fail to accoun for the con tinued existence of societies in which many members Religion provides ul nate answers which cannot be are indifferent to religion. As David Glover and by those who believe. For instance, people Sheelagh Strawbridge (1985) put it, it is far from clear e that the sun rises every morning and, in some hat human beings cither require or actually achieve
9subjectively interpreting a societies, this is confirmed and explained by the idea by society Religion also legitimates social institutions by locating thin a and cosmic of when a (p. 33) In this sense law is ted in religion locat nst God, thority world around them. Phenom theories view religion as one tant devices used by humans to categorise and meaning to the physical and social world offence becomes a sin ag religion when kings speak for ge BERGER AND THOMAS LUCK MANN PETER of ancient become gods, as in the case of the pharaohs on legr mates, and Berger and Thomas Luckmann work of Peter an important development in the sociology of Egypt. in a social supports social is grounded Each universe of meaning gion They see the sociology of religion as partofa field-the sociology of knowledge--whic base. This social base--the social structure plausibility lled its plausibility structure. If this meaning structure is destroyed, so is the universe of the Neither can hout the other when of reality be meanings and definitions bad by members of a sociery. Evory society its own body of knowledge, for raditional society has shared Empire destroyed by the Spaniards, the social base of religion was shattered. Without its plausibility Berger structure, Inca eligion died (pp. 45-7) i Berger and Luckmann argue that all certainty mod Luckmann term it, is socially derived-i socicty and in turn feeds back and h it has a very precarious founda uce society. A universe of meaning includes not cally mncc believe they are oaly high-level philosophical ideas about the meaning tion. Things a real because people meaning people but also everyday knowledge which is taken for real. Life is meaningful because of the are defined granted. A universe of ncaning requires constant give to it. Things make sense because they t needs repeated reinforcemen of commonsense. However, this reality, ration. Members of society must be told and meanings and this sense are arbitrary. There no rue versal standard or yardstick against which they can be egitimate Without this support, a universe measured and shown be true. The universe social construction of reality. Onc meaning would tend to crumble, life would become meaning is meaningless, and the stability of society would be society's reality is another's pretence; things defined as meaningful in one society are meaningless in another Religion helps build mai n and legitima and commonsense in one society is nonsense meaning. Berger and Luckmann state another. Because of the arbitrary nature of the uni oughout hi uman history religion as played verse of meaning is precarious, insecure and easily decisive part in the construction and maintenance of shattered, it therefore requires constant legitimarion (969, p. 67) Religio s func. Berger and Luckmann argue that religion is probably n the following way. Berger and Luckman he most effective mechanism for the timation of state that "Religion the cious attempt universes of meaning Unlike other sources of legiti ceive the entire universe as being humanly signifi mation, only religion links meaning with ultimate p 28). In this way humanity k and meaning about the whole universe and pace within it. An exam Christian view of criticisms of Berger and Luckmann e creation of the world and humanity given in the and mann's views on religion are open to number of criticisms. Rather like functionalists, they ook of Genesis ger and Luckmann continue Religion legitimates so effectively because it relates assume that religion unites society and they neglect precarious reality of empirical societies ate reality" that is, knowledge learned from ob examples of societies in which religion is divisive or nation and experience is supported and made rea causes conflict. Furthermore, the imply that religiou up 32) efs are widely held, and fail to accoun for the con tinued existence of societies in which many members Religion provides ul nate answers which cannot be are indifferent to religion. As David Glover and by those who believe. For instance, people Sheelagh Strawbridge (1985) put it, it is far from clear e that the sun rises every morning and, in some hat human beings cither require or actually achieve
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