328 A. John Vogt
Then the requests are reviewed each year,when the CIP is repeated.When the requests that survive reach the budget year, they are approved and funded, although even at this final stage of review some projects may be rejected or perhaps postponed another year.Not all capital needs can be recognized five or six years ahead of the time they are needed.Some will have to be approved almost immediately upon first request. However, if this happens for many requests,the CIP loses much of its value as a planning tool. As table 10.2 shows, the CIP also identifies the financing sources for projects and the impact ofprojects on future operating budgets.The CIP can be very valuable to officials in planning capital financing for projects and coordinating the capital and operating budgets.Subsequent sections of this chapter discuss capital financing options and financial forecasting that considers the impact of the CIP on future operating budgets. The CIP serves various useful purposes. It allows time for the design of projects, giving architects and engineers the opportunity to more carefully define project scope,prepare plans,and estimate project costs.The CIP provides time to arrange financing for projects;this can include establishing and funding capital reserves,searching for and obtaining grants,securing authorization and community support for issuing debt, or pursuing private investment in public projects.The CIP can also provide officials with time to find suitable sites for projects and negotiate for the purchase of land on favorable terms.A CIP can help officials spot the relationships among different projects and schedule them for implementation in a way that saves money. The CIP preparation process usually involves the review of requests by different officials and public bodies from different perspectives.A planning board often makes one review that focuses on the needs that requests fulfill and their conformity with development plans and land use or environmental restrictions.The chiefexecutive officer and administrative staffusually review CIP requests in terms of their feasibility,benefits,costs,and alternative ways to meet the needs for which requests are made.The governing board ofa jurisdiction makes a final review of CIP requests, considering the community’s views about the requests and the taxes or other revenues that will be needed to fund projects.Public hearings are often held,to give citizens the opportunity to comment on the proposed CIP or specific projects.When its review is finished near the end ofthe CIP preparation process,the governing board usually adopts a resolution approving the CIP. This formalizes the CIP process. However,such a resolution typically neither commits funds to a project nor gives the go-ahead to start a project.The resolution is basically a statement of governing board support for the general plan of projects, spending, and financing in the CIP.Authorization of projects and appropriation of money
อ.จอห์น 328 VogtThen the requests are reviewed each year,when the CIP is repeated.When the requests that survive reach the budget year, they are approved and funded, although even at this final stage of review some projects may be rejected or perhaps postponed another year.Not all capital needs can be recognized five or six years ahead of the time they are needed.Some will have to be approved almost immediately upon first request. However, if this happens for many requests,the CIP loses much of its value as a planning tool. As table 10.2 shows, the CIP also identifies the financing sources for projects and the impact ofprojects on future operating budgets.The CIP can be very valuable to officials in planning capital financing for projects and coordinating the capital and operating budgets.Subsequent sections of this chapter discuss capital financing options and financial forecasting that considers the impact of the CIP on future operating budgets. The CIP serves various useful purposes. It allows time for the design of projects, giving architects and engineers the opportunity to more carefully define project scope,prepare plans,and estimate project costs.The CIP provides time to arrange financing for projects;this can include establishing and funding capital reserves,searching for and obtaining grants,securing authorization and community support for issuing debt, or pursuing private investment in public projects.The CIP can also provide officials with time to find suitable sites for projects and negotiate for the purchase of land on favorable terms.A CIP can help officials spot the relationships among different projects and schedule them for implementation in a way that saves money. The CIP preparation process usually involves the review of requests by different officials and public bodies from different perspectives.A planning board often makes one review that focuses on the needs that requests fulfill and their conformity with development plans and land use or environmental restrictions.The chiefexecutive officer and administrative staffusually review CIP requests in terms of their feasibility,benefits,costs,and alternative ways to meet the needs for which requests are made.The governing board ofa jurisdiction makes a final review of CIP requests, considering the community’s views about the requests and the taxes or other revenues that will be needed to fund projects.Public hearings are often held,to give citizens the opportunity to comment on the proposed CIP or specific projects.When its review is finished near the end ofthe CIP preparation process,the governing board usually adopts a resolution approving the CIP. This formalizes the CIP process. However,such a resolution typically neither commits funds to a project nor gives the go-ahead to start a project.The resolution is basically a statement of governing board support for the general plan of projects, spending, and financing in the CIP.Authorization of projects and appropriation of money
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