Nursing considerations for hypotonic solutions
Hypotonic fluids are used to treat patients with conditions causing intracellular dehydration, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, when fluid needs to be shifted into the cell. Be aware of how the fluid shift will affect various body systems. The lower concentration of solute within the vascular bed will shift the fluid into the cells and also into the interstitial spaces.
Use caution when infusing hypotonic solutions; the decrease in vascular bed volume can worsen existing hypovolemia and hypotension and cause cardiovascular collapse.6
Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit as fluid is "pulled back" into the cells and out of the vascular bed. In older adult patients, confusion may also be an indicator of a fluid volume deficit. Instruct patients to inform a nurse if they feel dizzy or just "don't feel right."
Never give hypotonic solutions to patients who are at risk for increased ICP because of a potential fluid shift to the brain tissue, which can cause or exacerbate cerebral edema. In addition, don't use hypotonic solutions in patients with liver disease, trauma, or burns due to the potential for depletion of intravascular fluid volume
Nursing considerations for hypotonic solutions
Hypotonic fluids are used to treat patients with conditions causing intracellular dehydration, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, when fluid needs to be shifted into the cell. Be aware of how the fluid shift will affect various body systems. The lower concentration of solute within the vascular bed will shift the fluid into the cells and also into the interstitial spaces.
Use caution when infusing hypotonic solutions; the decrease in vascular bed volume can worsen existing hypovolemia and hypotension and cause cardiovascular collapse.6
Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit as fluid is "pulled back" into the cells and out of the vascular bed. In older adult patients, confusion may also be an indicator of a fluid volume deficit. Instruct patients to inform a nurse if they feel dizzy or just "don't feel right."
Never give hypotonic solutions to patients who are at risk for increased ICP because of a potential fluid shift to the brain tissue, which can cause or exacerbate cerebral edema. In addition, don't use hypotonic solutions in patients with liver disease, trauma, or burns due to the potential for depletion of intravascular fluid volume
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