A. Network Monitoring and Fault Analysis
PMUs measure system wide at exactly specified moments
and tag their measured values with time stamps.
Thus, the data from far distant locations can be compared
easily and safely, e.g. for a fast and reliable fault analysis [2].
A network monitoring in real-time is as well possible. The
following figure shows the runs of the frequencies in three
isolated areas during a disturbance in the UCTE network on
November 4, 2006 [11]. Clearly visible are the failed attempts
to synchronize between area 1 and 2 (labels 1 to 7), where the
frequencies of the two areas shortly move towards each other.