Nanoscience is the chemistry subdiscipline to deal with unique and exciting fields, to seek out the new approaches and new applications, to innovatively explore the small world. There is plenty to tackle in the field of nanomaterials and system to effectively solve the anthropogenic problems induced by new technology. This chapter discusses the fundamental properties of nanomaterials and demonstrates their diversified applications, ranging from solar panel used in the space shuttle to atomic reactor (converting CO2 to carbohydrates)