•The advocates of the neocolonial dependence, false-paradigm, and dualism models reject the exclusive emphasis on traditional neoclassical economic theories designed to accelerate the growth of GDPas the principal index of development.
•Theyquestion the validity of Lewis-type two-sector models of modernization and industrialization in light of their questionable assumptions and recent developing-world history.
•They further reject the claims made by Cheneryand others that there are well-defined empirical patterns of development that should be pursued by most poor countries.
•Instead, dependence, false-paradigm, and dualism theorists place more emphasis on international power imbalances and on needed fundamental economic, political, and institutional reforms, both domestic and worldwide.