As library functions are transferred to paraprofessionals or particular responsibilities are shifted, librarians and paraprofessionals sometimes do the same tasks for varying lengths of time. When this occurs paraprofessionals may come to feel that they do the same work as librarians and their typically lower pay becomes a source of frustration. In situations such as these, where the frustration is quite Iegitimate, the other, different kinds of responsibilities assigned to the paraprofessionals and librarians must also be examined. Unfortunately it is often more difficult to obtain a position upgrade or salary increase than it is to shift responsibility among staff. Hard won upgrades are too often "after the fact." In organizations where the personnel structure is highly formalized and regulated, through a union contract or civil service regulations, for example, it may not be possible to shift tasks with any ease. This may result in another kind of frustration stemming from lack of administrative flexibility and job enrichment. No matter the perspective, for both librarians and paraprofessionals, the issues surrounding the assignment of responsibility and compensation are difficult.