Benke and Medgyes (2006) examined learner perceptions in the differences between NESTs and non-NESTs.
Their findings showed that these two teacher groups adopt distinctly different teaching attitudes and teaching
methods. Compared with NESTs, non-NESTs have a more structured approach to teaching grammar and are
good at addressing grammatical difficulties. Because of their familiarity with the local educational environment,
they provide more exam preparation, supply the L1 equivalent of certain English words, and develop translation
skills. However, the non-NESTs tend to use too much L1 in the classroom. Their poor pronunciation and
outdated language are often criticized. However, NESTs are ideal models to imitate and are better able to elicit
their learners to speak aloud. Learners stated that NESTs are friendlier, and that their lessons are lively and
colorful. However, lower-level learners had difficulty understanding their NESTs. Without a shared L1, NESTs
tend to leave problems unexplained. A communication gap between NESTs and their learners often occurs
because of their different language and cultural backgrounds.