Ana strongly believes that publishing learner work online is motivating for learners,
so the recordings the learners make are often posted online. As Hoffman found,
having learners’ work read by people other than teachers and classmates ‘gives
learner writing validity’ and ‘content, style and linguistic accuracy can be put on
display before a variety of audiences meaning ‘the writing that is shared becomes
more than a demonstration of learning for a teacher: it is communication.’ (1996: 64).
This shift in emphasis to collaborative writing and focus on learner created texts
often leads to the textbook becoming ‘much less important as a pedagogical focus
than the writing which the students produce’ (Barnes, 1989: 27), which is the case
in Ana’s teaching situation.