This paper presents a review of the current challenges associated with occupational safety and health
(OSH) in small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). OSH knowledge management and e-learning are
considered in turn in the light of current research knowledge, with examination of the challenges and
requirements of small businesses. Barriers to progression and suitable solutions from the field of research
are discussed. SMEs need to manage their knowledge capital to capture and retain tacit knowledge.
Employees need to collaborate and interact in order to make this tacit knowledge explicit and to enhance
this knowledge through learning in the context of the shop floor. Workers and managers need to share
what they know and put into practice key aspects of occupational health and safety in the workplace.