classroom students don't usually get the same kind of exposure or encouragement as those who - at whatever age - are 'picking up' the language. But that does not mean they cannot learn a language if the right conditions apply. Like language learners outside schools, they will need to be motivated, be exposed to language, and given chances to use it We can therefore say what elements need to be present in a language classroom to help students learn effectively. We will call elements 'ESA', three element which will be present in all - or almost all - classes They are: