reflect external ambient temperatures near the periphery. In Canada, grain can remain warm (15–20 °C) throughout the winter (outside temperatures can be as low as −20 to −30 °C) and air convection currents carry moisture to the top-centre of the bulk which can result in localized grain spoilage (Jayas, 1995; Sinha, Yaciuk, & Muir, 1973) and mycotoxin production