In the meantime, all of the manufacturers are also aware of the huge expenses derived from the logistic activities. In such a case, most of the manufacturers have been trying to keep the logistic costs at a minimal level. One of the most popular
practices is to outsource the logistic functions to those professional logistics service providers abbreviated LSP because the manufacturers foresee some advantages on cost optimization whereby the costs can be shared among the LSP
customers utilize the same resources and facilities in addition to their specific expertise. Hence, the LSP can employ the same facilities to serve as many customers as possible. Such facilities sharing can contribute among its customers to logistic cost
effectiveness