Due to the food environment itself and hurdle technologies implemented throughout the food chain, an important microbial subpopulation in food products may undergo some degree of sublethal damage SI is responsible for serious limitations in food diagnostics, such as underestimation of contamination levels and assumption of false negative results, due to the selective media used for detection and enumeration of specific target microorganisms and the extended lag phase of injured survivors, which enter a physiological state that requires specific reparative processes Moreover, injured cells are susceptible to recovery after exposure to appropriate (storage) conditions, often developing adaptive stress responses To avoid this major public health concern, resuscitation/repair steps on non-selective media, aimed at restoring the viability and culturability of injured cells, are incorporated in routine microbiological surveillance methods based on selective detection/enumeration. Several one-step recovery-enrichment methods have been developed using combinations of selective and non-selective media that allowthe repair of injured cells and, at the same time, inhibit the proliferation of undesirable background microbiota