The mode of action of DON is explained by its abilityto bind to the 60S ribosomal subunit and to inhibit pro-tein synthesis. Moreover, DON activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cause apoptosis througha process known as “ribotoxic stress response” [34].DON exposure is generally associated with feed refusal,depressed feed intake, and possibly impaired immunefunction in many animal species [30].