original moisture in the biomass and partly the reaction product. The composition
of bio-oil depends on the biomass it is made from as well as on the process
used.
Table 9.2 presents the composition of a typical bio-oil. It shows that water,
lignin fragments, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates constitute its major components.
When it comes from the liquid yield of pyrolysis, bio-oil is called
pyrolysis oil. Several other terms are often used to describe bio-oil or are associated
with it, including