A contemporary first-generation study that is still widely cited in the implementation literature is Martha Derthick's (1972) examination of a federal program to build model communities on federally owned land in urban areas. This was a project that grew out of President Lyndon Johnson's administration in the late 1960s and was designed to address the social and economic problems that developed in the wake of urban sprawl,which crested low-density suburbs surrounding a socioeconomically depressed urban center. The program began with lofty ideals and goals, to address a growing metropolitan crisis by building self-contained centrally planned "new towns' that would be socially and racially integrated.Like the EDA's attempt to generate jobs in Oakland, the program was a spectacular failure, and Derthick's examination of the implementation echoes the lamentations of Pressman and Wildavaky.