In the Chinese context, science refers to mathematics, basic natural science and interdisciplinary subjects. Science explores the natural law. It drives science and technology (S&T) and economic development. Amid the entire knowledge system, science serves as the foundation and directs the future, advancing the human civilization. Science education, particularly in the higher education (HE) sector bears the missions of nurturing scientific research and cultivating talents. Now the missions also involve popularizing scientific literacy among university students. The success of science education of a nation is closely related to national S&T development, economic prosperity, national security and even social progress. Science education in the HE sector influences the citizen’s scientific literacy and indigenous innovation, which is the core competitiveness of a nation. It is the foundation of the whole HE system, and also plays an important role in the national innovation system. Therefore, science education has always been seen as a strategic priority in China (Science Specialty Committee of China Higher Education Society, 2009).