This article contributes to the global dialogue attempting to incorporate South-South intraregional migration into policy and academic discussions by reviewing the dynamics, characteristics, and legal contexts of interregional migration in South America. We first present the historical formation of migratory subsystems and identify emerging trends. We then organize our revision along the main theoretical issues surrounding international migration and their significance in the region. These issues include motivation,contexts of origin and reception, migration dynamics, gender, race and ethnicity, immigrant adaptation, and migration policies. Next, we consider the study of South American migrations, both internal and international, to be a research agenda with significant potential to deepen our understanding of migrations in general and to propose new theoretical orientations that go beyond the questions already identified in the mobility from poorer to
wealthier countries. We conclude with suggestions for a research agenda devoted to interregional migration in South America.
THE CONTEXT OF INTRAREGIONAL MIGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICA
South America has transitioned through various migratory stages since the end of the nineteenth
century to today (Villa & Mart´nez Pizarro 2000). Up until the end of World War II, the subconti-inent attracted a healthy transatlantic migration that led to notable social and demographic impacts within receiving countries.1 What is less emphasized is that these flows coincided with transborder migratory movements that were initiated, in some cases, by seasonal labor demands in the agricultural sector (Ceva 2006). Once transatlantic migration was stopped during the world wars and given the rapid postwar economic growth in some countries in the region intraregional migration became particularly relevant. These movements would eventually become the result of processes of unequal regional economic development (Pellegrino 1989a, 1995). Next, a new stage of considerable emigration to industrialized countries would be ushered in, starting with the United States (Durand & Massey 2010, Pellegrino 2003, Villa & Mart´nez Pizarro 2000) and followed by Spainl.
This article contributes to the global dialogue attempting to incorporate South-South intraregional migration into policy and academic discussions by reviewing the dynamics, characteristics, and legal contexts of interregional migration in South America. We first present the historical formation of migratory subsystems and identify emerging trends. We then organize our revision along the main theoretical issues surrounding international migration and their significance in the region. These issues include motivation,contexts of origin and reception, migration dynamics, gender, race and ethnicity, immigrant adaptation, and migration policies. Next, we consider the study of South American migrations, both internal and international, to be a research agenda with significant potential to deepen our understanding of migrations in general and to propose new theoretical orientations that go beyond the questions already identified in the mobility from poorer towealthier countries. We conclude with suggestions for a research agenda devoted to interregional migration in South America.THE CONTEXT OF INTRAREGIONAL MIGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICASouth America has transitioned through various migratory stages since the end of the nineteenthcentury to today (Villa & Mart´nez Pizarro 2000). Up until the end of World War II, the subconti-inent attracted a healthy transatlantic migration that led to notable social and demographic impacts within receiving countries.1 What is less emphasized is that these flows coincided with transborder migratory movements that were initiated, in some cases, by seasonal labor demands in the agricultural sector (Ceva 2006). Once transatlantic migration was stopped during the world wars and given the rapid postwar economic growth in some countries in the region intraregional migration became particularly relevant. These movements would eventually become the result of processes of unequal regional economic development (Pellegrino 1989a, 1995). Next, a new stage of considerable emigration to industrialized countries would be ushered in, starting with the United States (Durand & Massey 2010, Pellegrino 2003, Villa & Mart´nez Pizarro 2000) and followed by Spainl.
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